Textile printing compositions



Patented Aug. 14, 1945 John R. Abrams, Jersey Oity, N. 3.,

assignorto Intel-chemical Corporation, New York, N. 13, a

corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application May Serial N0. $91,143

4 Claims.

This invention relates to compositions for use in textile decoratingwith pigments, and is directed particularly to such compositions inwhich the pigment binder comprises a carbamide-formaldehyde resin andmethyl abietate.

Conventional textile printing is ordinarily done with water solutions ofdyestufls containing water-soluble thickening agents in sumcientquantity to retard the spreading of the color on the fabric afterprinting. The dyestuif is fixed onto the fabric by some chemicalprocess, and the thickening agent is then washed out of the fabric. Thetime and expense involved in this after-treatment, added to theoriginally high color cost for light and tub-fast dyes, has been a majorproblem in textile printing. Anunsolved problem has been thereproduction of very fine designs. Since the pastes spread on the fabricphase which is at least 20 per cent. of the total emulsion, by weight.Preferably, the binder of the lacquer is one which is originally solublein after printing when thin enough to be removed sharply from fineengravings, giving blurred designs, it has been found impomble to usephotogravure cylinders or extremely fine mill and dye engravings.Attempts to modify these pastes by addition of wetting agents andemulsification of oils therein have not solved the basic diiliculties.

The use as printing pastes of colored lacquers (which, for the purposeof this application are defined as dispersions of color in vehiclesconsisting of a solution of a plastic or solid filmforming,water-resistant binder such as a cellulose derivative or a resin, in anorganic solvent or mixture of solvents) has been attempted in order toovercome the dimculties with prior-art pastes, but has not beensuccessful commercially. Relatively few lacquer compositions withstandboth drycleaning and washing; and such compositions as are resistanthave been generally unacceptable due to the fact that the fabrics, whenprinted with these lacquers, develop an undesirable stiff feel (known tothe trade as hand") to the necessity for using large amounts of color toobtain deep shades, and to the tendency of colored markings to rub offonto other clothing and leave a mark (known as "crocking).

In the Jenett U. S. Patent No. 2,222,581, is-

ordinary organic solvents andwhich can be converted into an insolublestate after printingmost desirably, a readily heat-polymerizablesynthetic resin, best exemplified by the plasticized urea formaldehyderesins.

The use of pastes made in accordance with this patent permits of the useof cheap pigments and avoids the after-treatment necessary withconventional printing pastes, The pastes separate sharply even from veryfine photogravure cylinders, although thickened sufliciently to preventany spreading on the fabric; this makes possible much finer printingthan can be obtained with conventional pastes. The hand imparted tofabrics by these pastes is very much less than the hand imparted tosimilar fabrics by ordinary lacquer pastes having the same binder, theamount of color needed to produce deep shades is sharply reduced, andthe crocking substantially eliminated.

I have discovered that improved results can be obtained in pastes ofthis type, particularly with respect to wash-fastness, by using as thebinder a carbamide-formaldehyde resin in the solventsoluble state andthe methyl ester of abietic acid.

In general, I use from 1 to 4 parts by weight of resin to 1 part byweight of methyl abietate; all compositions in this range giveacceptable prints which are superior in wash-fastness to combinations ofurea formaldehydeand alkyd resins. The optimum wash-fastness is obtainedwith from 2 to 3 parts of resin per part of methyl abietate.

I do not know why such superior wash-fastness is obtained by the use ofthis ester as a sued November 19, 1940, there is described a new typ oftextile printing paste which eliminates the disadvantages of theconventional dye printing pastes and avoids the difiiculties which havebeen encountered in the prior art lacquer printing pastes. These pastesare emulsions in which an outer continuous water-immiscible lacquerphase is thickened by an inner aqueous so plasticiaer, since abieticacid, and abi etic acid alkyd resins, are notas good when" withcarbamide-formaldehyde resin, as ordinary oilmodified alkyd resins inthis respect.

This type of emulsion paste, while intended:

primarily for printing, may be used for dyeing by immersing the cloth inthe emulsion paste, and forcing the paste through the cloth bymechanical or other action. When so used, the resin-pigment *complexdoes not saturate the fabric, but on microscopic examination is found asisolated islands spaced in such fashion that a full color effect isgiven to the unaided eye. Hence, the fabric remains completely perviousto washing as when the composition is printed, and the fibers are notmatted together as in ordinary impregnations. This discontinuity of filmin both printing and dyeing to distinguish this type of fabric treatmentfrom fabric coating.

Typical examples of my invention are the following:

is added slowly to the organic mixture, with stirring. The completemixture is passed through a colloid mill, and gives a smoothwater-in-lacquer emulsion.

when printed or padded onto fabric, it can be set by heating for severalminutes at 250 F., or for some seconds at 300 F.; the resultant print isunusually wash-fast.-

Example 2 Parts by weight Urea resin solution of Example 1 22.50 Methylabietate 3.75 Pine oil 6.20 Solvesso 14.55 Indanthrene Blue' GGSNL, 15%water paste 20.00 Bentonite dispersion-85% 17.70 Water 15.30

Example 3 i Parts by weight Melamac 245-8 (50% solution ofmelamineformaldehyde resin in butanol-iwlene) 20.

Methyl abieta 5.0 Pine oil 5.0 Turpentine "13.0 Copper phthalocyanlneblue, 20% water pulp 7.5

Water 49.5

a Patent No. 2,581,868.

It is" hereby certified oi the above numbered patent requiringcorrection e'.

Example 2, for "85%". read "8.5%"; page 2, second eolmnn,

colmnn, line 39 csarrrrcsm as commoner.

JOHN RFABRAHS.

a,ae1,ees I Changes can obviously be made in'the examples withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. Thus, any of theheat-convertible carbamide-iormaldehyde resins can be used; resins madefrom thiourea, biuret, guanidine, etc. are all of this type. In general,these resins can be made from carbamides having the following generalformula 4 Nix-R.

where x is O, S, or N, and R1 and Re are alkyl. aryl, or H. The pigmentsandsolvents in the pastes are of course changeable at will. as is wellknown to the art, to give desired wash-fast shades and setting speeds.

The extra wash-fastness of my compositions can of course be obtainedwithout the emulsificatlon of water into the composition.

I claim:

1. A textile decorating composition comprising pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 1 to 4 parts by weight of acarbamide-formaldehyde resin soluble in a mixture of butanol and xylene.to 1 part by weight of methyl abietate.

2. A textile decorating composition comprising pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 2 to 3 parts by weight of acarbamide-formaldehyde resin soluble in a mixture of butanol andxylene,to 1 part by weight 4. A textile decorating composition-comprisingpigment dispersed in a lacquer the binder of which comprises from 2 to 3parts by weight of a urea formaldehyde resin soluble in amixture of.b'utanol and xylene, to 1 part by weight of methyl abietate, thelacquer having emulsified therein, as a discontinuous phase, at least20% oi water by weight.

. 5 JOHN R. ABRAMS.

August lib, 1914-5.

that error .appears in the printed specification s follows: Page '2;first line 11,'Examp1e 3, for thatportion of the formuldrcedingX-C" readtion therein that the same "may conform to. the spacer ent Office.

Signed and (Seal) and that the said Letters Patent should be read-withthis correcd of the ca'se in the Pat- Leslie Frazer First Assistantcqmnissioner. of Patents.

impregnations. This discontinuity of film in both printing and dyeing todistinguish this type of fabric treatment from fabric coating.

Typical examples of my invention are the following:

is added slowly to the organic mixture, with stirring. The completemixture is passed through a colloid mill, and gives a smoothwater-in-lacquer emulsion.

when printed or padded onto fabric, it can be set by heating for severalminutes at 250 F., or for some seconds at 300 F.; the resultant print isunusually wash-fast.-

Example 2 Parts by weight Urea resin solution of Example 1 22.50 Methylabietate 3.75 Pine oil 6.20 Solvesso 14.55 Indanthrene Blue' GGSNL, 15%water paste 20.00 Bentonite dispersion-85% 17.70 Water 15.30

Example 3 i Parts by weight Melamac 245-8 (50% solution ofmelamineformaldehyde resin in butanol-iwlene) 20.

Methyl abieta 5.0 Pine oil 5.0 Turpentine "13.0 Copper phthalocyanlneblue, 20% water pulp 7.5

Water 49.5

a Patent No. 2,581,868.

It is" hereby certified oi the above numbered patent requiringcorrection e'.

Example 2, for "85%". read "8.5%"; page 2, second eolmnn,

colmnn, line 39 Changes can obviously be made in'the examcsarrrrcsm ascommoner.

JOHN RFABRAHS.

ples without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, any of theheat-convertible carbamide-iormaldehyde resins can be used; resins madefrom thiourea, biuret, guanidine, etc. are all of this type. In general,these resins can be made from carbamides having the following generalformula 4 Nix-R.

where x is O, S, or N, and R1 and Re are alkyl. aryl, or H. The pigmentsandsolvents in the pastes are of course changeable at will. as is wellknown to the art, to give desired wash-fast shades and setting speeds.

The extra wash-fastness of my compositions can of course be obtainedwithout the emulsificatlon of water into the composition.

I claim:

1. A textile decorating composition comprising pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 1 to 4 parts by weight of acarbamide-formaldehyde resin soluble in a mixture of butanol and xylene.to 1 part by weight of methyl abietate.

2. A textile decorating composition comprising pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 2 to 3 parts by weight of acarbamide-formaldehyde resin soluble in a mixture of butanol andxylene,to 1 part by weight of methyl abietate.

3. A textile decorating composition comprisin pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 2 to'3 parts by weight of a'carbamide-i'ormaldehyde resin soluble in a mixture of butanol andxylene, to 1 part by weight of methyl abietate, the lacquer havingemulsified therein, as a discontinuous phase, at least 20% of water byweight.

4. A textile decorating composition-comprising pigment dispersed in alacquer the binder of which comprises from 2 to 3 parts by weight of aurea formaldehyde resin soluble in amixture of .b'utanol and xylene, to1 part by weight of methyl abietate, the lacquer having emulsifiedtherein, as a discontinuous phase, at least 20% oi water by weight.

. 5 JOHN R. ABRAMS.

August lib, 1914-5.

s follows: Page '2; first line 11,'Examp1e 3, for thatportion of theformuldrcedingX-C" read ent OiEfice.

Signed and (Seal) and that the said Letters Patent should be read-withthis correcd of the ca'se in the Patsealed this 25th day of December, A.D. 'l9ll5.- I

Leslie Frazer First Assistant cqmnissioner. of Patents.

